The AbstractRRset class is an abstract base class that models a DNS RRset. More...

#include <rrset.h>

Inheritance diagram for isc::dns::AbstractRRset:

Public Member Functions
Getter and Setter Methods
These methods are generally expected to be exception free, but it's not guaranteed at the interface level; for example, some performance optimized derived class may manage the information corresponding to the class "attributes" to get or set, and may require dynamic memory allocation to execute the method. Consult the derived class description to see if a specific derived `RRset` class may throw an exception from these methods. Note that setter methods are not provided for `RRClass` and `RRType`. This is intentional. Since the format and semantics of `Rdata` are dependent on the RR type (and RR class for some RR types), allowing dynamically modify these attributes can easily lead to a bug where the RDATA and type and/or class become inconsistent. We want to avoid that situation by restricting the access.
virtual uint32_t	getRdataCount () const =0
	Returns the number of `Rdata` objects contained in the `RRset`.

virtual uint16_t	getLength () const =0
	Get the wire format length of the `AbstractRRset`.

virtual const Name &	getName () const =0
	Returns the owner name of the `RRset`.

virtual const RRClass &	getClass () const =0
	Returns the RR Class of the `RRset`.

virtual const RRType &	getType () const =0
	Returns the RR Type of the `RRset`.

virtual const RRTTL &	getTTL () const =0
	Returns the TTL of the RRset.

virtual void	setTTL (const RRTTL &ttl)=0
	Updates the TTL of the `RRset`.

Converter Methods
These methods have the default implementation that can be reused by derived classes. Since they are defined as pure virtual, derived classes that want to reuse the default implementation must explicitly invoke their base class version (see the description for `addRdata(const rdata::Rdata&)`). Design Note: the default implementations are defined only using other public methods of the `AbstractRRset` class, and could be implemented as non member functions (as some C++ textbooks suggest). However, since derived classes may want to provide customized versions (especially of the `toWire()` method for performance reasons) we chose to define them as virtual functions, and, as a result, member functions.
virtual std::string	toText () const =0
	Convert the RRset to a string.

virtual uint32_t	toWire (AbstractMessageRenderer &renderer) const =0
	Render the RRset in the wire format with name compression and truncation handling.

virtual uint32_t	toWire (isc::util::OutputBuffer &buffer) const =0
	Render the RRset in the wire format without any compression.

RDATA Manipulation Methods
virtual void	addRdata (rdata::ConstRdataPtr rdata)=0
	Add an RDATA to the RRset (pointer version).

virtual void	addRdata (const rdata::Rdata &rdata)=0
	Add an RDATA to the RRset (reference version).

virtual void	addRdata (const std::string &rdata_str)=0
	Add an RDATA to the RRset (string version).

virtual RdataIteratorPtr	getRdataIterator () const =0
	Return an iterator to go through all RDATA stored in the `RRset`.

Associated RRSIG methods
These methods access an "associated" RRset, that containing the DNSSEC signatures for this RRset. It can be argued that this is not a fundamental part of the RRset abstraction, since RFC 2181 defined an RRset as a group of records with the same label, class and type but different data. However, BIND 10 had to deal with DNSSEC and in practice, including the information at the AbstractRRset level makes implementation easier. (If a class is ever needed that must be ignorant of the idea of an associated RRSIG RRset - e.g. a specialised RRSIG RRset class - these methods can just throw a "NotImplemented" exception.) DNSSEC is unlikely to be ever needed in Kea, but it does not make sense to redesign the abstract RRSet class now.
virtual RRsetPtr	getRRsig () const =0
	Return pointer to this RRset's RRSIG RRset.

virtual uint32_t	getRRsigDataCount () const =0
	Returns the number of `RRSIG` records associated with the `RRset`.

virtual void	addRRsig (const rdata::ConstRdataPtr &rdata)=0
	Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

virtual void	addRRsig (const rdata::RdataPtr &rdata)=0
	Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

virtual void	addRRsig (const AbstractRRset &sigs)=0
	Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

virtual void	addRRsig (const ConstRRsetPtr &sigs)=0
	Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

virtual void	addRRsig (const RRsetPtr &sigs)=0
	Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

virtual void	removeRRsig ()=0
	Clear the RRSIGs for this RRset.

virtual bool	isSameKind (const AbstractRRset &other) const
	Check whether two RRsets are of the same kind.

Constructors and Destructor
Note: The copy constructor and the assignment operator are intentionally defined as private to make it explicit that this is a pure base class.
	AbstractRRset ()
	The default constructor.

virtual	~AbstractRRset ()
	The destructor.

Detailed Description

The AbstractRRset class is an abstract base class that models a DNS RRset.

An object of (a specific derived class of) AbstractRRset models an RRset as described in the DNS standard: A set of DNS resource records (RRs) of the same type and class. The standard requires the TTL of all RRs in an RRset be the same; this class follows that requirement. Note about duplicate RDATA: RFC2181 states that it's meaningless that an RRset contains two identical RRs and that name servers should suppress such duplicates. This class is not responsible for ensuring this requirement: For example, addRdata() method doesn't check if there's already RDATA identical to the one being added. This is because such checks can be expensive, and it's often easy to ensure the uniqueness requirement at the data preparation phase (e.g. when loading a zone). When parsing an incoming DNS message, the uniqueness may not be guaranteed, so the application needs to detect and ignore any duplicate RDATA (the Message class of this library should provide this responsibility).

Another point to note is that AbstractRRset and its derived classes allow an object to have an empty set of RDATA. Even though there's no corresponding notion in the protocol specification, it would be more intuitive for a container-like data structure to allow an empty set.

Since AbstractRRset is an abstract class, it is generally used via a pointer (or pointer like object) or a reference. In particular, RRsetPtr, a pointer like type for AbstractRRset, is used for polymorphic RRset operations throughout this library.

The AbstractRRset class is also intended to be a major customization point. For example, a high performance server implementation may want to define an optimized "pre-compiled" RRset and provide an optimized implementation of the toWire() method.

Note about design choice: In BIND9, a set of RDATA with a common tuple of RR class, RR type, and TTL was represented in a structure named rdataset. Unlike the RRset classes, an rdataset did not contain the information of the owner name. This might be advantageous if we want to handle "RRsets", that is, a set of different types of RRset for the same owner name, because a single "name" structure can be used for multiple RRsets, minimizing data copy and memory footprint. On the other hand, it's inconvenient for API users since in many cases a pair of name and an rdataset must be maintained. It's also counter intuitive in implementing protocol operations as an RRset is often used as an atomic entity in DNS protocols while an rdataset is a component of an RRset.

We have therefore defined the notion of RRset explicitly in our initial API design. We believe memory footprint is not a big concern because RRsets are generally expected to be used as temporary objects, e.g. while parsing or constructing a DNS message, or searching a DNS data source; for longer term purposes such as in-memory data source entries, the corresponding data would be represented in a different, memory optimized format. As for the concern about data copy, we believe it can be mitigated by using copy-efficient implementation for the Name class implementation, such as reference counted objects. Later, We plan to perform benchmark tests later to see if this assumption is valid and to revisit the design if necessary.

Note about terminology: there has been a discussion at the IETF namedroppers ML about RRset vs RRSet (case of "s") [http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2009/msg02737.html]. While RFC2181 uses the latter, many other RFCs use the former, and most of the list members who showed their opinion seem to prefer "RRset". We follow that preference in this implementation.

The current design of AbstractRRset is still in flux. There are many open questions in design details:

support more set-like operations, e.g, merge two RRsets of the same type?
more convenient methods or non member utility functions, e.g. "sort" and "search(find)" method?
what about comparing two RRsets of the same type? If we need this, should it compare rdata's as a set or as a list (i.e. compare each rdata one by one or as a whole)? c.f. NLnet Labs' ldns (http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/ldns/doc/index.html) has ldns_rr_list_compare(), which takes the latter approach (seemingly assuming the caller sorts the lists beforehand).
BIND9 libdns has some special DNSSEC-related methods such as addnoqname() or addclosest(). Do we need these? (Probably not. We wouldn't want to make the class design too monolithic.)
Do we need to allow the user to remove specific Rdata? Probably not, according to the current usage of the BIND9 code.

Definition at line 151 of file rrset.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ AbstractRRset()

isc::dns::AbstractRRset::AbstractRRset ( )

inlineprotected

The default constructor.

This is intentionally defined as protected as this base class should never be instantiated (except as part of a derived class).

Definition at line 166 of file rrset.h.

◆ ~AbstractRRset()

virtual isc::dns::AbstractRRset::~AbstractRRset ( )

inlinevirtual

The destructor.

Definition at line 169 of file rrset.h.

Member Function Documentation

◆ addRdata() [1/3]

void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRdata ( const rdata::Rdata & rdata )

pure virtual

Add an RDATA to the RRset (reference version).

This method adds the given RDATA (as a reference to a derived class object of rdata::Rdata) to the RRset.

This method has the default implementation that can be reused by derived classes. Since this method is defined as pure virtual, derived classes that want to reuse the default implementation must explicitly invoke this base class version. For example, if the class CustomizedRRset, a derived class of AbstractRRset, wants to reuse the default implementation of addRdata() (reference version), it would be defined as follows:

 void
CustomizedRRset::addRdata(const rdata::Rdata& rdata)
{
    AbstractRRset::addRdata(rdata);
}

This method is more strictly typed than the pointer version: If rdata does not refer to the appropriate derived Rdata class for the RRType for this RRset, it throws an exception of class std::bad_cast. If resource allocation fails, a corresponding standard exception will be thrown. The RRset must contain some RDATA; otherwise, an exception of class EmptyRRset will be thrown. The default implementation may throw other exceptions if the toWire() method of the RDATA objects throws. If a derived class of AbstractRRset overrides the default implementation, the derived version may throw its own exceptions.

The default implementation simply constructs an rdata::RdataPtr object from a newly allocated RDATA object copying from parameter rdata, and calls the other version of addRdata(const rdata::RdataPtr). So it is inherently less efficient than the other version. Still, this version would offer a more intuitive interface and is provided as such.

NOTE: Because a new Rdata object is constructed, this method can throw a std::bad_cast exception if this RRset's class is NONE, or if some other error occurs. If you want to be able to add RDATA to an RRset whose class is NONE, please use the other variant of addRdata() which accepts a ConstRdataPtr argument.

Parameters

rdata A reference to a rdata::RdataPtr (derived) class object, a copy of which is to be added to the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Definition at line 32 of file rrset.cc.

References addRdata(), isc::dns::rdata::createRdata(), getClass(), and getType().

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◆ addRdata() [2/3]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRdata ( const std::string & rdata_str )

pure virtual

Add an RDATA to the RRset (string version).

This method constructs an Rdata object from the given rdata_str in presentation format and adds it to the RRset.

Parameters

rdata_str RDATA string in presentation format.

Exceptions

InvalidRdataText if the rdata_str is invalid for this RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

◆ addRdata() [3/3]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRdata ( rdata::ConstRdataPtr rdata )

pure virtual

Add an RDATA to the RRset (pointer version).

This method adds the given RDATA (as a pointer-like type to a derived class object of rdata::Rdata) to the RRset.

Parameters

rdata A pointer (like) type of rdata::RdataPtr to be added to the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by isc::dns::BasicRRset::addRdata(), and addRdata().

◆ addRRsig() [1/5]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRRsig ( const AbstractRRset & sigs )

pure virtual

Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

Adds the signatures in the given (assumed) RRSIG RRset to the RRSIG RRset associated with this RRset. If one does not exist, it is created using the data given.

Parameters

sigs	RRSIG RRset containing signatures to be added to the RRSIG RRset associated with this class.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ addRRsig() [2/5]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRRsig ( const ConstRRsetPtr & sigs )

pure virtual

Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

Adds the signatures in the given (assumed) RRSIG RRset to the RRSIG RRset associated with this RRset. If one does not exist, it is created using the data given.

Parameters

sigs	Pointer to a RRSIG RRset containing signatures to be added to the RRSIG RRset associated with this class.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ addRRsig() [3/5]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRRsig ( const rdata::ConstRdataPtr & rdata )

pure virtual

Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

Adds the (assumed) RRSIG rdata the RRSIG RRset associated with this RRset. If one does not exist, it is created using the data given.

Parameters

rdata Pointer to RRSIG rdata to be added.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ addRRsig() [4/5]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRRsig ( const rdata::RdataPtr & rdata )

pure virtual

Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

Adds the (assumed) RRSIG rdata the RRSIG RRset associated with this RRset. If one does not exist, it is created using the data given.

(This overload is for an older version of boost that doesn't support conversion from shared_ptr<X> to shared_ptr<const X>.)

Parameters

rdata Pointer to RRSIG rdata to be added.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ addRRsig() [5/5]

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::addRRsig ( const RRsetPtr & sigs )

pure virtual

Adds RRSIG RRset RRs to the associated RRSIG RRset.

Adds the signatures in the given (assumed) RRSIG RRset to the RRSIG RRset associated with this RRset. If one does not exist, it is created using the data given.

(This overload is for an older version of boost that doesn't support conversion from shared_ptr<X> to shared_ptr<const X>.)

Parameters

sigs	Pointer to a RRSIG RRset containing signatures to be added to the RRSIG RRset associated with this class.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ getClass()

virtual const RRClass & isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getClass ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the RR Class of the RRset.

Returns: A reference to a RRClass class object corresponding to the RR class of the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by addRdata(), isSameKind(), and toText().

◆ getLength()

virtual uint16_t isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getLength ( ) const

pure virtual

Get the wire format length of the AbstractRRset.

This method returns the wire format length of the AbstractRRset, which is calculated by summing the individual lengths of the various fields that make up each RR.

NOTE: When including name lengths, the allocation for uncompressed name wire format representation is used.

Returns: The length of the wire format representation of the AbstractRRset.

Exceptions

EmptyRRset if the AbstractRRset is empty.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ getName()

virtual const Name & isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getName ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the owner name of the RRset.

Returns: A reference to a Name class object corresponding to the RRset owner name.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by isSameKind(), and toText().

◆ getRdataCount()

virtual uint32_t isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getRdataCount ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the number of Rdata objects contained in the RRset.

Note that an RRset with an empty set of Rdata can exist, so this method may return 0.

Returns: The number of Rdata objects contained.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by toWire().

◆ getRdataIterator()

virtual RdataIteratorPtr isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getRdataIterator ( ) const

pure virtual

Return an iterator to go through all RDATA stored in the RRset.

The rdata cursor of the returned iterator will point to the first RDATA, that is, it effectively calls RdataIterator::first() internally.

Using the design pattern terminology, getRdataIterator() is an example of a factory method.

Whether this method throws an exception depends on the actual implementation of the derived AbstractRRset class, but in general it will involve resource allocation and can throw a standard exception if it fails.

Returns: A pointer-like object pointing to the derived RdataIterator object.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by isc::dns::RRset::addRRsig(), and toText().

◆ getRRsig()

virtual RRsetPtr isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getRRsig ( ) const

pure virtual

Return pointer to this RRset's RRSIG RRset.

Returns: Pointer to the associated RRSIG RRset or null if there is none.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

Referenced by toText().

◆ getRRsigDataCount()

virtual uint32_t isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getRRsigDataCount ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the number of RRSIG records associated with the RRset.

Note that an RRset with no RRSIG records may exist, so this method may return 0.

Returns: The number of RRSIG records associated.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ getTTL()

virtual const RRTTL & isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getTTL ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the TTL of the RRset.

Returns: A reference to a RRTTL class object corresponding to the TTL of the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by toText().

◆ getType()

virtual const RRType & isc::dns::AbstractRRset::getType ( ) const

pure virtual

Returns the RR Type of the RRset.

Returns: A reference to a RRType class object corresponding to the RR type of the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Referenced by addRdata(), isSameKind(), and toText().

◆ isSameKind()

bool isc::dns::AbstractRRset::isSameKind ( const AbstractRRset & other ) const

virtual

Check whether two RRsets are of the same kind.

Checks if two RRsets have the same name, RR type, and RR class.

Parameters

other Pointer to another AbstractRRset to compare against.

Definition at line 144 of file rrset.cc.

References getClass(), getName(), and getType().

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◆ removeRRsig()

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::removeRRsig ( )

pure virtual

Clear the RRSIGs for this RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ setTTL()

virtual void isc::dns::AbstractRRset::setTTL ( const RRTTL & ttl )

pure virtual

Updates the TTL of the RRset.

Parameters

ttl	A reference to a `RRTTL` class object to be copied as the new TTL.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

◆ toText()

string isc::dns::AbstractRRset::toText ( ) const

pure virtual

Convert the RRset to a string.

Unlike other similar methods of this library, this method terminates the resulting string with a trailing newline character. (following the BIND9 convention)

If any RRSIGs are associated with the RRset, they are also appended to the returned string.

If the class is not ANY or NONE, the RRset must contain some RDATA; otherwise, an exception of class EmptyRRset will be thrown. If resource allocation fails, a corresponding standard exception will be thrown. The default implementation may throw other exceptions if the toText() method of the RDATA objects throws. If a derived class of AbstractRRset overrides the default implementation, the derived version may throw its own exceptions.

Open issue: We may want to support multiple output formats as BIND9 does. For example, we might want to allow omitting the owner name when possible in the context of zone dump. This is a future TODO item.

Returns: A string representation of the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset.

Definition at line 37 of file rrset.cc.

References isc::dns::RRClass::ANY(), getClass(), getName(), getRdataIterator(), getRRsig(), getTTL(), getType(), isc_throw, isc::dns::RRClass::NONE(), isc::dns::RRClass::toText(), isc::dns::RRTTL::toText(), isc::dns::RRType::toText(), and isc::dns::Name::toText().

Referenced by isc::dns::operator<<(), and isc::dns::BasicRRset::toText().

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◆ toWire() [1/2]

uint32_t isc::dns::AbstractRRset::toWire ( AbstractMessageRenderer & renderer ) const

pure virtual

Render the RRset in the wire format with name compression and truncation handling.

This method compresses the owner name of the RRset and domain names used in RDATA that should be compressed. In addition, this method detects the case where rendering the entire RRset would cause truncation, and handles the case appropriately (this is a TODO item, and not implemented in this version).

If any RRSIGs are associated with the RRset, they are also rendered.

Note: perhaps we may want to add more arguments to convey optional information such as an "rrset-order" policy or how to handle truncation case. This is a TODO item.

If resource allocation fails, a corresponding standard exception will be thrown. If the class is not ANY or NONE, the RRset must contain some RDATA; otherwise, an exception of class EmptyRRset will be thrown. The default implementation may throw other exceptions if the toWire() method of the RDATA objects throws. If a derived class of AbstractRRset overrides the default implementation, the derived version may throw its own exceptions.

Parameters

renderer DNS message rendering context that encapsulates the output buffer and name compression information.

Returns: The number of RRs rendered. If the truncation is necessary this value may be different from the number of RDATA objects contained in the RRset.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

Definition at line 134 of file rrset.cc.

References isc::dns::AbstractMessageRenderer::getLengthLimit(), getRdataCount(), and isc::dns::AbstractMessageRenderer::setTruncated().

Referenced by isc::dns::BasicRRset::toWire().

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◆ toWire() [2/2]

uint32_t isc::dns::AbstractRRset::toWire ( isc::util::OutputBuffer & buffer ) const

pure virtual

Render the RRset in the wire format without any compression.

See the other toWire() description about possible exceptions.

Parameters

buffer An output buffer to store the wire data.

Returns: The number of RRs rendered.

Implemented in isc::dns::BasicRRset, and isc::dns::RRset.

Definition at line 129 of file rrset.cc.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

Public Member Functions

Constructors and Destructor

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ AbstractRRset()

◆ ~AbstractRRset()

Member Function Documentation

◆ addRdata() [1/3]

◆ addRdata() [2/3]

◆ addRdata() [3/3]

◆ addRRsig() [1/5]

◆ addRRsig() [2/5]

◆ addRRsig() [3/5]

◆ addRRsig() [4/5]

◆ addRRsig() [5/5]

◆ getClass()

◆ getLength()

◆ getName()

◆ getRdataCount()

◆ getRdataIterator()

◆ getRRsig()

◆ getRRsigDataCount()

◆ getTTL()

◆ getType()

◆ isSameKind()

◆ removeRRsig()

◆ setTTL()

◆ toText()

◆ toWire() [1/2]

◆ toWire() [2/2]